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•  Upper secondary
                     •  Post-secondary non-tertiary

               115.       The professional institution questionnaires cover the following level of
               education:
                     •  First degree of tertiary education leading to advance research
                     •  Second degree of tertiary education leading to advance research

               116.       The university questionnaires cover the following level of education:
                     •  First degree of tertiary education leading to advance research
                     •  Second degree of tertiary education leading to advance research
                     •  Advance research programme of tertiary education

               117.       Although these data collection instruments gather key education data, they
               still lack some specific information which will  be effectual and relevant for the policy
               planning and monitoring. At the same time, the data are gathered with many different
               forms. It might be possible to reduce the number of questionnaires by identifying the
               “common core content” and append the specific  characteristics of different education
               sectors separately to optimise the design of the questionnaires.

               118.       Above their purely quantitative nature, collected data would certainly be
               useful in terms of usefulness or their adaptability to analytical potentials if they were
               broken down in a way that enables cross-tabulation of information on pupils, together
               with their conditions of learning within their school environment. In this perspective, if all
               related information on each stream within  a class could be collected by “pedagogic
               group”, it would yield more potential for qualitative analysis of the data collected.

               119.       One of the bottlenecks is that at  the school level there is no proper
               explanation on how to derive or transform the data from school record-keeping files to
               the annual school census forms. Although schools keep various information on school,
               teachers and pupils in its record keeping forms (admission forms, admission/withdrawal
               register book, individual teacher files, attendance sheets, student performance sheets,
               etc.), the data are scattered all around these files, sheets and register books. There was
               little evidence of consolidating and summarising these data into useful formats.
               Especially when there is a need for enrolment data by age, this lack of tally sheets or
               summary forms made it impossible for the schools to provide accurate data other than
               by guessing. There may be orientation meetings or training on how to fill the annual
               school census forms; however, this training did not seem to disseminate the concept of
               linkages between the school census forms and existing school record keeping system.

               5.2.2 Review of the computer applications for data processing

               120.       Currently data on post-primary education institutions, e.g. secondary schools,
               colleges, Madrasah and technical-vocational  institutions, are processed in BANBEIS
               using the computerised EMIS developed in Oracle database environment. The data
               entry interface is written in Oracle developer 6i using Oracle 9 database at the back-



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