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Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in children under 5 years
dehydration (cont.) clinical. see clinical diagnosis of gastroenteritis
hypernatraemic. see hypernatraemic dehydration laboratory. see laboratory investigations
laboratory investigations, 48 reconsidering during illness, 21
accuracy of diagnosis by, 50 diagnostic study, xii
biochemical abnormality prevalence, 48 diagnostic test accuracy, levels of evidence, 7
evidence overview, 48 diarrhoea, 1
evidence summary, 52 acute-onset, causes, 21
GDG interpretation of evidence, 52 antibiotics associated, 26, 34, 101
incidence of biochemical anomalies, 48 bloody, 24, 25, 27
recommendations, 13, 53 indication for investigations, 32
management, 38, 55 definition, 21
key recommendations, 10 used by GDG, 22
see also fluid management; oral rehydration differential diagnosis, 26
therapy (ORT) duration, 22
mild, 44, 45 dietary fibre effect, 124
diagnosis, 38 erythromycin therapy in Campylobacter
mild-moderate, 43 gastroenteritis, 93
moderate, 44, 45 evidence summary, 23
prevalence, 24 GDG interpretation of evidence, 23
primary prevention, 13, 54 homeopathy studies, 125
see also fluid management probiotics effect, 128, 129, 132
recurrence after rehydration, 54 recommendations, 11, 23
fluid management, 74 rice-based vs glucose-based ORS, 63
frequency, 74 specific infections, 24, 25
GDG interpretation of evidence, 74 studies, 22, 23
recommendations, 14, 75 viral vs bacterial infections, 24, 25
risk, 74 zinc therapy effect, 118
‘red flag’ signs, 12, 45, 46, 135 frequency, dehydration risk factor, 39
key recommendations, 9 non-infective causes, 26
monitoring, 45 persistence, 22, 24
risk factors, 38 indications for investigations, 34
care at home recommendations, 16, 138 probiotic studies, 127
evidence overview, 38 risk factors, 24, 25
evidence summary, 40 prevention of spread, 138
GDG interpretation of evidence, 40 recommendations, 17, 139
recommendations, 40 stool frequency
withdrawal of breastfeeding, 38, 54, 77 probiotics effect, 128
severe, 43, 44, 45 zinc effect, 120
ORS volume, 65 traveller’s. see traveller’s diarrhoea
ORT vs IVT, 57 dietary fibre, 117, 124
see also oral rehydration therapy (ORT) evidence overview, 124
severity assessment, 40 evidence summary, 124
evidence overview, 41, 42 GDG interpretation of evidence, 124, 125
evidence summary, 42 Dioralyte®, 64
GDG interpretation of evidence, 44 dominance, xii
key recommendations, 9 double-blind study, xiii
recommendations, 12, 46 ‘doughy skin’, 47, 48
research recommendations, 17, 46 drug-related conditions, diarrhoea/vomiting, 26
signs, 41 dysentery, xiii
differentiated from hypovolaemic shock, 45 shigellosis, 102
GDG considerations, 44 see also Shigella infections
research recommendations, 17, 46 dystonic reactions, 104
summary of, and sensitivity/specificity, 43 dysuria, xiii
see also dehydration, clinical features
viral gastroenteritis, 24
Delphi process, indicators for care escalation, 134 economic evaluation, xiii
developed countries, gastroenteritis, 1 effectiveness. see clinical effectiveness
developing countries efficacy, xiii
dehydration risk factors, 38 elective, xiii
gastroenteritis mortality, 1 Electrolade®, 64
guideline development and, 3 electrolytes
dexamethasone, 104 abnormalities. see specific abnormalities
placebo vs, 106, 108 baseline measurements before IVT, 72
diagnosis of gastroenteritis, 21 endemic, definition, xiii
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