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NEUROSCIENCE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AND DEPENDENCE

psychostimulant use 175
dependence 174–175
neurobiological interactions 176–180
side-effects, neuroleptic-induced 172
tobacco smoking 171–174
Scopolamine 104–105
Sedatives and hypnotics 73–75, 107
adaptations to prolonged use 75
behavioural effects 73
mechanism of action 74
tolerance and withdrawal 74–75
Sensitization (see also Incentive sensitization and dopamine; Tolerance)
defined 57
neural, persistence 58
Serotonergic systems 145–146
Serotonin 35
and depression 185–186
Serotonin autoreceptor agonist, LSA 109
Serotonin receptors 145–146
5HT1B variant 145–146
Serotonin transporter 146
Shared neurobiology hypothesis, psychoactive substance use 170–171, 188–
191
Signal transduction 31–32
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 40
Smoking, see Tobacco
Sociocultural factors, genetics 150–151
Sociolegal status of psychoactive substances 1–4
Solvents, see Volatile solvents
Somatostatin, neurotransmission in depression 187
SPECT, see Single photon emission computed tomography
Stimulants, behavioural effects 110
Substance use, see Psychoactive substances
Substitution therapy 246
treatment of opioid dependence 82
Synapse
chemical 31
structure and organization 28–29
Synaptic plasticity 38
Synaptic structure, alterations, substance use 38–39

TA-CD, cocaine vaccine 92–93
Tardive dyskinesia, side-effect in schizophrenia 172
Telencephalon 22
Terminal buttons 28–29

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Index 262 19.1.2004, 11:52