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INDEX

dependence
criteria 13
and depression 182–183
reward and dependence issues 46, 48–49, 53–54
and depression 184–185
development of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) 189
global use 4–10
heritability 152
neuronal effects 38–39
and neuroscience 12–15
prevalence of use 9
psychopharmacology 67–69
shared neurobiology hypothesis 170–171, 188–191
sociolegal status 1–4
as surrogates of conventional reinforcers 51–52
total global mortality 17
treatment, ethical issues 232–235
withdrawal, with/without dependence 50
Psychotherapies 60
Public health policy 241–249
advances in neuroscience 241–244
ethical issues 244–247
recommendations 247–248

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 129–130

Receptors 31–32
targeting by drugs 38
Recruitment of subjects for research, ethical issues 220–221
Reinforcement 47, 57
and dopamine 50–52
drugs as surrogates of conventional reinforcers 51–52
Relapse prevention 60
Research, see Ethical issues
Reward stimulus 46
drug reward, and dependence 48–49
incentive sensitization and dopamine 53–54
Rhombencephalon 20

Schizophrenia 171–180
alcohol use 176
clozapine 175–176
high incidence of smoking 172–174
positive/negative symptoms 173

261

Index 261 19.1.2004, 11:52