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INDEX

Thalamus 24
TMA, see Trimethoxyamphetamine
Tobacco (see also Nicotine) 4–5, 75–78, 107
and alcohol use, linkage studies 139
behavioural effects 75–76
and depression 181–182
genetic studies 130–132
combined risk with other psychoactive substances 138–147
mechanism of action 76–77
PAHs in, hepatic enzyme induction 172
placebo, bupropion 181
prevalence of smoking
mortality 17
and schizophrenia 172–174
selected countries 5
tolerance and withdrawal 77–78
treatment of dependence 78
Tolerance (see also Specific substances)
defined 54–55, 57
development 54–55
and incentive sensitization 54–55
Tranquillizers, see Sedatives and hypnotics
Transcriptional regulator Fos 37–38
Transgenic animals 128–129
Treatment studies, ethical issues 232–235
access to treatment 232
legally coerced treatment 232
Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) 104
Tryptophan hydroxylase 146
Twinning and adoption studies 127, 132–133
Tyrosine hydroxylase 145
United Nations, drug control conventions 3
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 217–218

Vaccines, treatment of dependence, cocaine 92–93
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) 21
glutamatergic afferents 179
and mesolimbic system 174–175
Volatile solvents 100–104, 109
behavioural effects 101–102
environmental exposure 104
mechanism of action 102–103
tolerance and withdrawal 103
use 101–102

263

Index 263 19.1.2004, 11:52