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NEUROSCIENCE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AND DEPENDENCE

Cognitive behavioural therapies 60
Concurrent disorders
Conditioning
classical/pavlovian 44–45
definitions 56
instrumental/operant 46–47
Confidentiality, ethical issues 221–222, 230
Contingency management 60
Controlled substances, illicit use 9–10
CREB, see Cyclic AMP response element binding protein
CREB-regulated pathways 37
Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) 37
CYP2A6 139
gene frequency 75
CYP2D6 138
CYP2E1 135–136, 139

Declaration of Helsinki 212–216
Delta receptor agonists 79
Dendrites 26–28
Dependence (see also Behavioural processes underlying dependence)
43–65, 242
candidate gene studies 128, 140–147
criteria (DSM-IV) 14
criteria (ICD-10) 13
defined 13–15, 15, 56, 58–59, 242
and depression 182–183
individual differences 55
linkage studies 139
models, ethical issues 231–232
prevention studies, ethical issues 227–231
reward and dependence issues 48–49
with/without withdrawal 50
Dependence-producing drugs, see Psychoactive substances
Depressants (see also Antidepressants)
behavioural effects 110
Depression 180–188
alcohol use 183–184
effects of psychoactive substances 184–185
limbic structures and substance dependence 187–188
peptide systems 186–187
psychostimulant dependence 182–183
serotonin 185–186
and tobacco smoking 181–182

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Index 254 19.1.2004, 11:52