Page 12 - 81Sulfonation-Sulfation Processing Technology for Anionic Surfactant Manufacture_opt

Sulfonation/Sulfation Processing Technology for Anionic Surfactant Manufacture 279

4.3 Heat balance
For exothermic reactions such as sulfonation a large amount of heat may be released, the
boundary conditions showed at Figure 10 is applying for the energy balance (equation 17).

Fig. 10. Schematic representation of model for a segment heat balance

  cT    T 
v z     k L      H r (17)
z  y   y  
1 1 1
  (18)
U d lm d ex
k h
w w
d d
ex in
Heat transport equations follow the Prandtl analogy and are equivalent to those used for
mass transfer.
h  0,704
G  0,8Sc (19)
u

5. Main parameters of film SO 3-sulfonation
An experimental set was developed to study the effect of follows factors: (i) mole ratio
between SO 3 and organic liquid, (ii) wall temperature and, (iii) volumetric percentage of SO 3
in the phase gaseous. The variables representing the quality of the sulfonated product are:
active matter, unsulfonated matter, acid value and color (Ahmad et al., 2007; Inagaki, 2001).
The experimental matrix is presented in Table 3 and detailed information about the analysis
is presented below (Torres et al., 2008b).

Conditions value
SO 3/N 2 inlet (gaseous sulfonate mixture), % vol/vol 3 – 7
SO 3/N 2 temperature inlet, °C 50 – 60
SO 3 /organic liquid, mole ratio 1:1 – 1,2:1
Table 3. Operating conditions used for the methyl ester sulfonation (Torres et al., 2009a)

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