Page 28 - Introduction to Agriculture by: Aqleem Abbas

Introduction to Agriculture Notes prepared by: Aqleem Abbas

Quadruple cropping

Crop rotation

A crop rotation is growing crops in a regular sequence one after the other on the same land keeping in
mind that soil fertility may not be adversely affected

E.g. sugarcane than legume crops.

Ratooning

After the harvest of sugar cane under ground portion of crop is left in the soil to sprout another crop of
sugar cane. Sugar cane is vegetatively grown in Pakistan. Research show that sugar percent is greater than
fresh one.

CROP NUTRITION

A process by which plants take in and utilize food substances is called crop nutrition.

Ingestion

Taking in of food nutrients (inorganic substances from the soil by roots.

Digestion

When these inorganic substance are being converted into organic form.

Assimilation

When these organic material is used by plants to obtain energy. Energy is used for growth and
development. Growth is increase in size while development in which leaves, stem and nodes arises.
Sixteen nutrients are essential. The crops are unable to complete its life cycle in the absence of essential
nutrients if the nutrients are deficient or absent plant cannot grow properly. The function of one essential
nutrient is not replaced by another nutrient. Nutrients are involved in plant metabolism nutrients must be
involved in plant metabolism.

Macro nutrients

Primary nutrients

C, H, O

Plant gets carbon from air while H and O from water.

N, P, K
These are primary nutrients are required by plant in more quantity. Therefore we called this nutrients
primary.