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orientation of his instruments, to the gradu-
                                         ation of the arcs by the then new method of
                                         transversals, and to the aperture sight used
                                         upon his pointer. There were no telescopes
                                         in his day, and no pendulum clocks. He
                                         recognised the fact that there must be in-
                                         strumental errors. He made these as small
                                         as was possible, measured their amount, and
                                         corrected his observations. His table of re-
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