Page 392 - 20dynamics of cancer

SUBJECT INDEX 377

280–83, 285 sex differences, see incidence
somatic, 77–79, 191, 193, 198–201 skin
Neurofibromatosis type 1, 240 carcinogen lab studies, 33, 61–63,
192–96
oncogene, 41, 52, 70, 158, 236 mutational fields, 305–8
ovarian cancer, 241, 299 renewal, see epidermis
See also mosaicism
p53, 41–43, 45, 47, 194, 220–22, smoking
268, 303, 307 cessation, 29, 90, 180–90
penetrance, 26, 66, 238–42 and DNA repair polymorphism,
phylogeny, see cell lineage 248–49
polymorphism, see genetic predispo- dosage (cigarettes per day), 166,
sition 168, 171–74
population genetics duration, 29, 30, 166, 168, 179
age-specific reproductive loss, somatic mutation
237–42 aging, a cause of, 207, 308
drift, 234, 285 and cancer, 65–71
force of selection, 238–42 rate, 46–49, 52, 71–74, 77–80, 229,
overdominance, 236–37 233, 240, 241
pleiotropy, 235, 241 See also cell lineages, mutation
of stem cells, 271–85 somatic selection, see natural selec-
See also natural selection tion
progression, see multistage progres- sporadic versus inherited cases,
sion 26–28, 50, 89, 92, 144–54,
prostate cancer, 32, 35, 76, 90, 155, 215–16
252, 264, 314–16 stem cells
protease, 54 apoptosis, 77, 197, 268
competition between, 55, 77, 79,
ras, 41, 45–47, 192, 193, 195 269–70
rate-limiting step, see multistage demography of compartment, 285,
progression 295–304
redundancy, 203, 208 hierarchy in renewal, 255, 258,
reliability models 264, 292–94
of aging, 207–9, 250 immortal stranding (DNA strand
component failure, 1, 6, 10, 136, segregation), 77, 196, 265–68,
250 282
reproductive tissues, cancer of, 32, niche, 264, 265
299–300, 310 symmetric versus asymmetric
See also breast cancer, ovarian division, 77, 196, 255, 264–70,
cancer, prostate cancer 283–85, 290
retinoblastoma in tumors, 57, 304
inherited versus noninherited, 26, stem-transit architecture, 253–64,
65–68, 144–50, 215, 311 293
and retinal development, 280, 297 differentiation, 255–64
as protection against cancer,
SEER database, 19, 27, 91, 314–33 265–69, 280–83
senescence, see aging stroma, 50, 53–54, 57, 65, 71