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Cell Signalling Biology Michael J. Berridge Module 2 Cell Signalling Pathways 2 19

Module 2: Table monomeric G protein toolkit
Summary of the monomeric G proteins with their guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs).
Monomeric G protein, GEF or GAP Comments
Monomeric G proteins (approximately 150
members)
Ras family (36 members) Contribute to the activation of multiple signalling pathways (Module 2: Figure Ras
signalling)
H-Ras
K-Ras
N-Ras
R-Ras
RalA
RalB
Rap1
Rap2 Rap2B has been implicated in the control of autophagy (Module 11: Figure autophagy)
RagA The RagB/RagD heterotrimer interacts with TORC1 to control autophagy (Module 11:
RagB Figure autophagy)
RagC
RagD
Rho family (22 members)
Rho Primary function is cytoskeletal remodelling (Module 2: Figure Rho signalling)
RhoA
RhoD
RhoE
RhoF
RhoH
RhoV
Mito Rho
Rho BTB
Rac Cytoskeletal remodelling and ROS signalling (Module 2: Figure Rac signalling)
Rac1
Rac2
Rac3
Cdc42 Primary function is cytoskeletal remodelling (Module 2: Figure Cdc42 signalling)
Rab family A large family of GTPases that function in membrane trafficking
Rab1A ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Rab1 interacts with the golgins (golgin-84, golgin-95, p115 and
Rab1B giantin)
Rab2A ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Rab2 interacts with the golgins (golgin-45)
Rab2B
Rab3A Control exocytosis by interacting with effectors such as Rabphilin, Rabin3, RIM1/2 and
Rab3B synapsin
Rab3C
Rab3D
Rab4A Endocytic recycling and functions in GLUT4 biogenesis, sorting and exocytosis
Rab4B
Rab4C
Rab4D
Rab5A Functions in early endosome fusion and phagosome maturation. Interacts with
Rab5B Rabaptin-5, Rabenosyn-5, EEA1 and Rabanykyrin-5 (see Module 4: Figure endosome
Rab5C vesicle fusion)
Rab5D
Rab6A Functions at the Golgi where it interacts with Giantin, Rabankyrin. Couples to dynein
Rab6B through Bicaudal D1 (see Module 4: Figure dynein)
Rab6C
Rab6D
Rab7A Operates in the late endosomal pathway during formation of lysosomes. Rab7A is
Rab7B mutated in Charcot--Marie--Tooth type 2B disease
Rab8A Functions in trafficking from Golgi to the plasma membrane. Interacts with optineurin and
Rab8B FIP-2. Rab8A binds to myosin Vb and functions in non-clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Rab8C
Rab9C Functions in trafficking from late endosomes to the Golgi.
Rab9D
Rab10 Functions in trafficking from Golgi to the plasma membrane. Interacts with Rim1.
Rab11A Located in recycling endosomes. Functions in trafficking and internalization of aquaporin-
Rab11B 2 (AQP2). Interacts with multiple effectors (FIPs, myosin Vb and PtdIns 4-kinaseβ)
Rab12 Functions in trafficking from Golgi to the plasma membrane.
Rab13 Functions in biogenesis of tight junctions
Rab14 Functions in trafficking from Golgi to the early endosomes.
Rab15 Early endosome trafficking
Rab17 Operates in the apical recycling endosomes and functions in ciliogenesis
Rab18 Functions in formation of lipid droplets from the ER
Rab19A Located in the Golgi
Rab19B
Rab20 Trafficking of connexin-43
Rab21 Located on early endosomes and functions in cytokinesis
Rab22 Located on early endosomes
Rab23 Functions in formation of phagosomes
Rab24 Functions in autophagy
Rab25 Functions in integrin recycling
Rab26 Interacts with Rim1 in exocytosis
Rab27A Intracellular transport of secretory granules and melanosomes (Module 4: Figure myosin
Rab27B motor)

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