Page 87 - Graphic Design and Print Production Fundamentals
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Graphic Design 75
image style, text size, and graphic style. Often, a grid that is complex allows for some freedom where
the designer can introduce a new element or effect.
A grid activates the entire surface of a project by making all of it available for active elements. It helps
create both stable symmetrical and dynamic asymmetrical compositions. By breaking down space into
smaller units, grids encourage designers to leave some areas open rather than fill up the whole page.
Types of Grids
Figure 3.30 The golden section
The golden section is also known as the golden ratio, golden mean, or divine proportion, and it is found
in mathematics, geometry, life, and the universe — its applications are limitless (see Figure 3.30)
The golden section is a ratio — a relationship between two numbers — that has been applied as an
organizational system in art, design, and architecture for centuries. Expressed numerically, the ratio for
the golden section is 1 : 1.618. The formula for the golden section is a : b = b : (a+b). In other words,
side a is to side b as side b is to the sum of both sides.
Graphic designers use the golden section to create grids and layouts for websites and books.
Photographers use it to compose the focal point of an image and also to compose the elements found in
an image.
