Page 67 - Introduction to Agriculture by: Aqleem Abbas

Introduction to Agriculture Notes prepared by: Aqleem Abbas

Scientific classification: Potatoes are produced by plants of the genus Solanum, of the family Solanaceae. The common white
potato is classified as Solanum

tuberosum .

compost

Compost, partially decomposed organic material used in gardening to improve soil and enhance plant growth. Compost
improves the movement of water, dissolved nutrients, and oxygen through the soil, making it easier for plant roots to absorb
these vital substances.

A versatile material, compost benefits virtually any soil type.

Clay soil, for example, has tiny, tightly packed particles that hamper the flow of water, nutrients, and oxygen. Compost
reconfigures the clay into larger, more loosely packed particles. The larger spaces between the particles improve the flow of
water, oxygen, and nutrients to roots. In addition, the roots are able to penetrate deeper into the soil and contact more nutrients.
Compost also improves sandy soil, where the large spaces between loosely packed particles enable water and its dissolved
nutrients to drain too quickly for optimum root absorption. Compost soaks up and holds these substances so that the roots have
more time to absorb them. Compost also adds small amounts of zinc, copper, boron, and other vital nutrients to soils.

MAKING COMPOST

Compost is made by harnessing the natural decomposition process carried out by certain species of microorganisms. These
microorganisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, live in intimate association with their food supply—on the surface of dead plants,
in soil, or on or in animal waste. By breaking down these materials with their digestive enzymes, the tiny creatures release and
absorb the nutrients within. For home gardeners, making compost is simply a matter of collecting food for microorganisms in one
place and letting them go to work.