Page 45 - Introduction to Agriculture by: Aqleem Abbas

Introduction to Agriculture Notes prepared by: Aqleem Abbas

Sub-surface irrigation
In sub surface irrigation water is applied from below ground surface to the roots of plants.

E.g. karez system.

Sprinkle irrigation.

Water is applied in the form of spray or foliar application.

Drip or trickle irrigation

When water is applied to the plants roots in small plastic pipes only.

TILLAGE

Mechanical manipulation of soil aimed at improving the physical condition of the soil. Tilth is physical
condition of soil resulting from the tillage.

Objectives/Advantages of tillage

It improves soil structure vs. texture.

Soil structure

The aggregate of soil particles is called soil structure. Results show that round structure is good for
agriculture.

Soil texture

Relative proportion of clay, silt and sand is called soil texture.

Removing of weeds or stubbles.

For the decomposition and incorporation of organic matter (plant residues)

Increase multiplication of nitrogenous bacteria.

Destroy the eggs of insect and pest.
Tillage is also important for incorporation of organic and inorganic matter.
Tillage is also important for control of soil erosion.
Water infiltration in the soil increases as a result water runoff decreases and it
will decrease soil erosion.
Improve the temp of soil.
Increase water conservative.