Page 12 - Climate Change Impacts in the United States

7: FORESTS
RefeRences

14. Raffa, K. F., B. H. Aukema, B. J. Bentz, A. L. Carroll, J. A. Hicke, 22. Adams, H. D., M. Guardiola-Claramonte, G. A. Barron-Gafford,
M. G. Turner, and W. H. Romme, 2008: Cross-scale drivers J. C. Villegas, D. D. Breshears, C. B. Zou, P. A. Troch, and T. E.
of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: Huxman, 2009: Temperature sensitivity of drought-induced tree
The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience, 58, 501-517, mortality portends increased regional die-off under global-change-
doi:10.1641/b580607. [Available online at http://www.jstor.org/ type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 7063-
stable/pdfplus/10.1641/B580607.pdf] 7066, doi:10.1073/pnas.0901438106.

15. Van Mantgem, P. J., N. L. Stephenson, J. C. Byrne, L. D. Daniels, 23. Bowman, D. M. J. S., J. K. Balch, P. Artaxo, W. J. Bond, J. M.
J. F. Franklin, P. Z. Fule, M. E. Harmon, A. J. Larson, J. M. Smith, Carlson, M. A. Cochrane, C. M. D’Antonio, R. S. DeFries, J. C.
A. H. Taylor, and T. T. Veblen, 2009: Widespread increase of tree Doyle, S. P. Harrison, F. H. Johnston, J. E. Keeley, M. A. Krawchuk,
mortality rates in the western United States. Science, 323, 521-524, C. A. Kull, J. B. Marston, M. A. Moritz, I. C. Prentice, C. I. Roos,
doi:10.1126/science.1165000. A. C. Scott, T. W. Swetnam, G. R. van der Werf, and S. J. Pyne,
2009: Fire in the Earth system. Science, 324, 481-484, doi:10.1126/
16. Williams, A. P., C. D. Allen, C. I. Millar, T. W. Swetnam, J. science.1163886.
Michaelsen, C. J. Still, and S. W. Leavitt, 2010: Forest responses to
increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Keane, R. E., J. K. Agee, P. Fulé, J. E. Keeley, C. Key, S. G. Kitchen,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 21289-21294, R. Miller, and L. A. Schulte, 2009: Ecological effects of large fires
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914211107. [Available online at http://www. on US landscapes: Benefit or catastrophe? International Journal of
pnas.org/content/107/50/21289.full] Wildland Fire, 17, 696-712, doi:10.1071/WF07148.

17. Williams, A. P., C. D. Allen, A. K. Macalady, D. Griffin, C. A. Littell, J. S., D. McKenzie, D. L. Peterson, and A. L. Westerling,
Woodhouse, D. M. Meko, T. W. Swetnam, S. A. Rauscher, R. Seager, 2009: Climate and wildfire area burned in western US ecoprovinces,
H. D. Grissino-Mayer, J. S. Dean, E. R. Cook, C. Gangodagamage, 1916-2003. Ecological Applications, 19, 1003-1021, doi:10.1890/07-
M. Cai, and N. G. McDowell, 2013: Temperature as a potent 1183.1.
driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality. Nature
Climate Change, 3, 292-297, doi:10.1038/nclimate1693. [Available 24. NRC, 2011: Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and
online at http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n3/pdf/ Impacts over Decades to Millennia. National Research Council. The
nclimate1693.pdf] National Academies Press, 298 pp. [Available online at http://
www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12877]
18. Dietze, M. C., and P. R. Moorcroft, 2011: Tree mortality in the
eastern and central United States: Patterns and drivers. Global 25. Westerling, A. L., M. G. Turner, E. A. H. Smithwick, W. H. Romme,
Change Biology, 17, 3312-3326, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02477.x. and M. G. Ryan, 2011: Continued warming could transform
Greater Yellowstone fire regimes by mid-21st century. Proceedings
19. Dale, V. H., M. L. Tharp, K. O. Lannom, and D. G. Hodges, of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 13165-13170, doi:10.1073/
2010: Modeling transient response of forests to climate change. pnas.1110199108. [Available online at http://www.pnas.org/
Science of The Total Environment, 408, 1888-1901, doi:10.1016/j. content/early/2011/07/20/1110199108.abstract; http://www.pnas.
scitotenv.2009.11.050. org/content/108/32/13165.full.pdf]

20. Smith, M. D., 2011: An ecological perspective on extreme 26. Covington, W. W., P. Z. Fulé, M. M. Moore, S. C. Hart, T. E. Kolb, J.
climatic events: A synthetic definition and framework to guide N. Mast, S. S. Sackett, and M. R. Wagner, 1997: Restoring ecosystem
future research. Journal of Ecology, 99, 656-663, doi:10.1111/j.1365- health in ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest. Journal of Forestry,
2745.2011.01798.x. 95, 23-29. [Available online at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/
content/saf/jof/1997/00000095/00000004/art00009]
21. IPCC, 2012: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to
Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups Rhodes, J. J., and W. L. Baker, 2008: Fire probability, fuel treatment
I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C. B. Field, effectiveness and ecological tradeoffs in western U.S. public forests
V. Barros, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, D. J. Dokken, K. L. Ebi, M. D. The Open Forest Science Journal, 1, 1-7, doi:10.2174/187439860080101
Mastrandrea, K. J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S. K. Allen, M. Tignor, 0001. [Available online at http://www.benthamscience.com/open/
and P. M. Midgley, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 582 pp. tofscij/articles/V001/1TOFSCIJ.pdf]
[Available online at http://ipcc-wg2.gov/SREX/images/uploads/
SREX-All_FINAL.pdf] Swanson, M. E., J. F. Franklin, R. L. Beschta, C. M. Crisafulli, D.
A. DellaSala, R. L. Hutto, D. B. Lindenmayer, and F. J. Swanson,
2010: The forgotten stage of forest succession: Early-successional
ecosystems on forest sites. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9,
117-125, doi:10.1890/090157.
186 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE UNITED STATES