Page 184 - 84 human physiolofy part-1

Chapter 9

IgD: This immunoglobulin is found on B-cells and function is not known.

IgE: This immunoglobulin is combined with mast cells that in turn release histamine, this kind of
globulin is released in the presence of an allergic response or parasitic infection.

IgG: This immunoglobulin is the majority of the specific immunity against bacteria and viruses in
the extracellular fluid.

IgM: This immunoglobulin is associated to antibodies that react to incompatibility of ABO and Rh
factor grouping.

Immunoglobulins: Proteins that are antibodies receptors on the surface of B-cells, there are five
classes.

Kinins: Kinins is a chemical involved in inflammation, it is inactive in blood plasma but become
activated by tissue damage and in turn stimulate pain receptors in skin.

Leukocytes: primary cells of the immune system; also called white blood cells

Lymph: fluid of the lymph system; originates as blood plasma that leaks from the capillaries of the
circulatory system, becoming interstitial fluid, filling the space between individual cells of tissue

Lymphocytes: The key cells that mediate the acquired immune response of the body

Lymph Nodes: Small oval shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels

Lysosome: Organelle containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) that digest viruses, bacteria,
food particles and worn out organelles

Lysozyme: Enzyme that attacks cell walls of bacteria and breaks them down; found and used as an
antiseptic property in the body's first line of defense (ie. saliva, tears, sweat, etc)

Macrophages: WBC that are the primary scavengers within tissues

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC): Work in the same way as the perforins of the NK cells that
is it punches holes in the membrane that causes lysis.

Neutrophils: WBC that "eat" bacteria and release cytokines

Opsonin: Any substance that promotes a phagocytosis by binding a microbe to a phagocyte.

Perforin: Protein secreted by cytotoxic T cells, causes pores to form in the plasma membrane of
the target cell resulting in lysis.

Peyer’s Patches: located in the wall of the intestine and the appendix, attached to the cecum of the
large intestine, intercept pathogens that come into the body through the intestinal tract

Phagocytes: WBC that engulf and ingest their targets by phagocytosis

184 | Human Physiology