Page 179 - 86 human physiology part-2

Chapter 19

Differences in average adult bone mass between men and women, menopause (decline in
estrogen)

7. Why is an injury to the epiphyseal plate of a long bone during puberty more significant than a
regular fracture?

A fracture to the epiphyseal plate during puberty can cause the plate to seal resulting in a
stoppage of bone growth.

8. What is the average age of menarche (the first menstrual bleeding) in American girls? What factors
contribute to onset of menarche?

About 12.7 years

Glossary

Alzheimer's disease
The most common form of dementia. It is a progressive condition that destroys brain cells,
resulting in the loss of intellectual abilities

Apoptosis
The process of regulated cell death

Appositional bone growth
The growth in diameter of bones around the diaphysis occurs by deposition of bone beneath the
periosteum.

Bilirubin
A chemical breakdown product of hemoglobin.

canaliculi
small channels or canals in bone.

Deciduous teeth
The first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other animals. (milk teeth,
baby teeth, or primary teeth)

Dementia
The progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what
might be expected from normal aging.

Epiphyseal Plate
The cartilage in growing long bones that allows lengthwise growth. The plate ossifies at the end
of puberty.

Haversian system
The basic structual unit of compact bone which includes a central canal, lamellae, lacunae,
osteocytes, and canaliculi.

394 | Human Physiology