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Chapter 19

controversial biomedical gerontologist who lives in the city of Cambridge, UK. He is working to
expedite the development of a cure for human aging, a medical goal he refers to as engineered
negligible senescence. To this end, he has identified what he concludes are the seven areas of the aging
process that need to be addressed medically before this can be done. He has been interviewed in recent
years in many news sources, including CBS 60 Minutes, BBC, the New York Times, Fortune
Magazine, and Popular Science. His main activities at present are as chairman and chief science officer
of the Methuselah Foundation and editor-in-chief of the academic journal Rejuvenation Research.

Scientific Beginnings

• Medieval times In this time the thought was once children emerged form infancy, they
were regarded as miniture already formed adults.

• Religious influence of parenting 16th Century Puritan belief harsh restrictive parenting
practices were recommended as the most efficient means of taming the depraved child.

• John Locke's 17th Century Tabula Rosa = Blank slate in this the thought was that
children are to begin with nothing at all and all kinds of experiences can shape their characters.
This is seen as a negative vision of the development of children because children do contribute
to his or her own development.

• Jean Jacques Rousseau 18th Century Noble savages = endowed with a sense of right or
wrong. Children have built in moral sense 1st concept of stage, 2nd maturation of growth refers
to genetically determined naturally unfolding course. He saw development as a discontinuous
stagenise process mapped cut by nature.

• Charles Darwin the forefather of Scientific Child Study 1859-1936, 19th century The
famous theory of evolution, the survival of the fittest, and natural selection.

• G. Stanley Hall regarded as the founder of the child study movement 1846-1924 One
of the most influential American psychologists of the early twentieth century. The Normative
Approach = normative period measures of large numbers of individuals and age related
averages are computed to represent typical development.

• The mental testing movement early 20th Century French psychologist Alfred Binet and
Colleague Theodore Simon were the first to come up with a successful intelligence test IQ at
Stanford University.

• Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Theory 'psychosexual theory, ID, Ego, and Superego.

• Erik Erikson 1902-1994 Theory psychosocial theory

• John Watson 1978-1958 Behaviorism and Social earing Theory

• Ivan Pavlov Classical conditioning

• B.F. Skinner Operant Conditioning

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