Page 10 - Surface-Confined Assemblies and Polymers for Molecular Logic

Surface-Confined Assemblies and Polymers de Ruiter and van der Boom

their electrochemical characteristics could be used to con- Israel (with Prof. David Milstein). After 3 years of postdoctoral
struct entire electrical systems. 43 Moreover, this theory could research with Prof. Tobin J. Marks at Northwestern University in the
United States, he became a Faculty member in the Weizmann
in principle also be applied to our systems to physically
Institute's Department of Organic Chemistry.
integrate logic gates. Chemical wiring of redox-active mono-
layers capable of operating as gates has been demon-
strated. 11,27 Only few other systems are available. 25,26 More- This research was supported by the Helen and Martin Kimmel
over, the fan-out (how many logic gates can be driven by Center for Molecular Design and the Israel Science Foundation
another logic gate) for molecular logic systems has to be (ISF). We acknowledge the persons who participated in the
explored. A first step toward addressing this issue has been presented work. Their names can be found in the listed papers.
the simultaneous readout of the light absorption intensities of
FOOTNOTES
a series of Ru-based monolayers, which were chemically
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: milko.vanderboom@weizmann.ac.il.
2þ
addressed by the output (Fe ) of another Os-based mono-
layer. Gain control was demonstrated by trapping the messen-
REFERENCES
2þ
ger component (Fe ) with a chelating ligand. 28 1 Ball, P. Chemistry meets computing. Nature 2000, 406, 118–120.
Most molecular logic gates utilize solution-based chem- 2 Szacilowski, K. Digital information processing in molecular systems. Chem. Rev. 2008,
108,3481–3548.
istry. This results in amassing chemical entities and thereby
3 de Silva, A. P.; Uchiyama, S. Molecular logic and computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2,
limits the reversibility. En route toward all solid-state systems 399–410.
would be the controlled assembly of molecules on a solid 4 Lieber, C. M. The incredible shrinking circuit. Sci. Am. 2001, 285,59–64.
5 Pischel, U. Advanced molecular logic with memory function. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010,
support. 17,44 In turn, these molecules can be addressed in a 49, 1356–1358.
reversible way, optically or electrically. 6 de Silva, A. P.; Gunaratne, H. Q. N.; McCoy, C. P. A molecular photoionic AND gate based
on fluorescent signalling. Nature 1993, 364,42–44.
In conclusion, surface-confined polypyridyl complexes are 7 Gulino, A.;Gupta, T.; Mineo, P. G.;van derBoom,M.E.Selective NO x optical sensing with
highly versatile components for the chemical and electroche- surface-confined osmium polypyridyl complexes. Chem. Commun. 2007, 4878–4880.
8 Gupta, T.; van der Boom, M. E. Monolayer-based selective optical recognition and
mical development of a wide range of logic gates, circuits, and quantification of FeCl 3 via electrontransfer.J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2007,129, 12296–12303.
memory elements. Static random access memory (SRAM) was 9 de Ruiter, G.; Gupta, T.; van der Boom, M. E. Selective optical recognition and quantifica-
tion of parts per million levels of Cr 6þ in aqueous and organic media by immobilized
demonstratedintheformofflip-flops.Moreover, bothBoolean polypyridyl complexes on glass. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2744–2745 and
logic and sequential logic operations are possible with a single references therein.
10 Mano,M.M.; Kime,C.R. Logic and computer design fundamentals, 4th ed.; Prentice Hall:
setup. 27,32,38 The concepts and principles are not limited to Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000.
these metal complexes, as we were able to demonstrate the 11 Gupta, T.; van der Boom, M. E. Redox-active monolayers as a versatile platform for
integrating Boolean logic gates. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 5322–5326.
formation of multistate memory that was able to store up to 12 Guo, Z. Q.; Zhu, W. H.;Shen, L.J.; Tian, H. A fluorophore capableofcrossword puzzles and
40
fivedifferentstateswithapolymericmaterial. Thesefindings, logic memory. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5549–5553.
13 Pei, R.; Matamoros, E.; Liu, M.; Stefanovic, D.; Stojanovic, M. N. Training a molecular
the exciting progress made by others, and the numerous automaton to play a game. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 773–777.
stimuli-responsive materials (SRMs) available could be used 14 Ozlem, S.; Akkaya, E. U. Thinking outside the silicon box: molecular AND logic As an
additional layer of selectivity in singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy. J. Am.
to solve some of the above-discussed challenges and move Chem. Soc. 2009, 131,48–49.
this field toward practical applicable systems. 45 15 Konry, T.; Walt, D. R. Intelligent medical diagnostics via molecular logic. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2009, 131, 13232–13233.
16 Pischel, U. Chemical approaches to molecular logic elements for addition and subtraction.
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46,4026–4040.
17 Shipway, A. N.; Katz, E.; Willner, I. Molecular memory and processing devices in solution
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
andonsurfaces. Struct. Bonding (Berlin, Ger.) 2001, 99, 237–281.
Graham de Ruiter obtained his B.Sc. (2006) and M.Sc. degrees 18 Margulies, D.; Felder, C. E.; Melman, G.; Shanzer, A. A molecular keypad lock: A
photochemical device capable of authorizing password entries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007,
(cum laude; 2008) in chemistry with Prof. Jan Reedijk at Leiden 129,347–354.
University, The Netherlands. He is currently a Ph.D. student in the 19 Andreasson, J.; Straight, S. D.; Moore, T. A.; Moore, A. L.; Gust, D. Molecular all-photonic
group of Prof. Milko E. van der Boom at the Weizmann Institute of encoder-decoder. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11122–11128.
Science (Israel). He uses polypyridyl complexes as versatile plat- 20 Amelia, M.; Baroncini, M.; Credi, A. A simple unimolecular multiplexer/demultiplexer.
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47,6240–6243.
forms for optical devices, sensors, catalysis, and molecular logic 21 Andreasson, J.; Kodis, G.; Terazono, Y.; Liddell, P. A.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Mitchell, R. H.;
gates. Moore, T. A.; Moore, A. L.; Gust, D. Molecule-based photonically switched half-adder.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 15926–15927.
Milko E. van der Boom received his B.Sc. degree (1992) from 22 Margulies, D.; Melman, G.; Shanzer, A. A molecular full-adder and full-subtractor, an
additional step toward a moleculator. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 4865–4871.
the University of Applied Sciences in Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
23 Kumar, A.;Abbott, N. L.;Biebuyck, H. A.; Kim,E.; Whitesides,G.M. Patterned self-assembled
and a M.Sc. degree (1994) in Inorganic Chemistry at the University
monolayers and meso-scale phenomena. Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28,219–226.
of Amsterdam (with Prof. Kees Elsevier). He earned his Ph.D. degree
24 For a review on bio-inspired logic, see: Katz, E.; Privman, V. Enzyme-based logic systems
with distinction in 1999 from the Weizmann Institute of Science in for information processing. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39,1835–1857.
572 ’ ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH ’ 563–573 ’ 2011 ’ Vol. 44, No. 8