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Table 7. Eligibility criteria for enrollment in protocols with palliative intent in chronological order of starting enrollment year (continued)
 Center, Country   Term   Age   PSA   Gleason score   # biopsy   Imaging   Stage   Behavioral indication (other than
 [Pubmed ID]   used   (yr)   (ng/mL)   cores /%   patients’ choice or preference)
 Enrollment   cores
 years
 Taichung   No   –   –   –   –   –   T1a   –
 Veterans   treatment
 Hospital,
 Taiwan 143
 [12854876]

 1983-1996
 SPCG-4, Finland,   WW   <75   <50   If diagnosed with an   –   Bone scan   T0d, T1 or   –
 Sweden, and   extended biopsy   negative   T2; T1c
 Iceland 144    protocol, <25% of the   (after 1994)
 [12226148]   tumor Gleason grade
    4 and <5% grade 5
 1989-1999
 Erasmus Univ.   No   50-  ≤15 150    <8 150    –   Bone scan   T1c or T2 150    No treatment decision was made by the
 Hospital,   treatment   75 a151    and chest   urologist in discussion with the patient
 Netherlands 145    /AS 150    x-ray       and his family, with respect to patient
 [7544841]   negative                      age, general health, clinical stage and
                                           patient preference. 145  All patients had
 ≤1990; 1993-                              estimated survival >1 yr.
 2006 150
 Royal Marsden   WW   –   Any   ≤7   –   –   any T stage,  Unsuitable for RP typically because
 Hospital, UK 112           N0/X,          advanced age or comorbidities.
 [15839912]                 M0/X

 1993-2002
 PIVOT, US  146    WW   ≤75   ≤50   Any   –   Bone scan   T1-  –
 [18783735]   negative      T2/Nx/M0

 1994-2002
 Watchful Waiting   WW   <85   <50   <8   –   –   –   > 3-yr life expectancy, no history of any
 Study, US 147                             type of malignancy within the past 5 yr
 [14501381]                                with the exception of non-melanoma
                                           skin cancer
 1998-2003










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