Page 133 - 86 human physiology part-2

Chapter 17

the mother’s abdomen

Copulation: (Coitus, sexual intercourse) is the procreative act of a man's erect penis is inserted
into a woman's vagina. At climax, semen is ejaculated from the penis at the cervix of the uterus. Sperm
then propel themselves into the uterine tubes where fertilization may occur if an eg

Crohn's disease: Skip lesions in the colon and is a malabsorptive disease.

Cystitis: Infection of the bladder

Dizygous: Not identical (fraternal) twins

Doppler: A form of ultrasound used specially to investigate blood flow in the placenta or in the
fetus

Down Syndrome: (Trisomy 21) A disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 in
the cells

Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside of the womb

Edema: Swelling of the fingers, legs, toes, and face.

Embryo: The medical term for the baby from conception to about six weeks

Engagement: The process in which the head of the baby moves down from high in the mother's
abdomen and settles deeper into her pelvis in preparation for birth. This can happen any time between
36 weeks and labor.

Epidural Anesthesia: A method of numbing the nerves of the lower spinal cord to ensure a pain-
free labor

Episiotomy: A cut of the perineum and vagina performed to make the delivery easier

External Fetal Monitor: An electronic monitor used to record the fetal heartbeat and mother’s
contractions

Fallopian Tubes: (uterine tubes) Two tubular structures (one on each side of the womb) leading
from the ovaries to the uterus

Fertilization: The union of an egg cell and a sperm cell is present wherein 23 chromosomes from
each parent come together to form a zygote. After sperm penetrates, the ovum undergoes a chemical
change to prevent other sperm from entering. Multiple births can occur from complete division of the
conceptus during early cleavage or from fertilization of multiple ova. Birth control techniques are
designed to prevent ovulation or to prevent fertilization by barriers, that keep sperm and ova separated.

Fetus: Medical term for the baby from six weeks after conception until birth

Forceps: Metal instruments that fit on either side of the baby's head and are used to help deliver
the baby

348 | Human Physiology