Page 28 - 65 thorax41-48_opt
P. 28
Pleural Effusion and Empyema 303
References
1. Bilgin M, Akcali Y, Oguzkaya, F. Benefits of early aggressive 16. Bono MJ. Recognizing and managing thoracic empyema. Emerg
management of empyema thoracis. ANZ J Surg 2006; 76:120–122. Med 2004; 36(12):37–40.
2. Cekirdekci A, Köksel O, Göncü T, et al. Management of 17. Miller JI. Infections of the pleura. In Shields TW (ed), General
parapneumonic empyema in children. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Thoracic Surgery, Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger, 1989; pp
Ann 2000; 8:137–140. 633–649.
3. Chan W, Keyser-Gauvin E, Davis GM, Nguyen LT, Laberge J-M. 18. Mandal AK, Thadepalli H, Mandal AK, Chettipally U. Outcome of
Empyema thoracis in children: a 26-year review of the Montreal primary empyema thoracis: therapeutic and microbiologic aspects.
Children’s Hospital experience. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32(6):870-872. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:1782–1786.
4. Varkey B, Rose HD, Kutty CPK, Politis J. Empyema thoracic 19. Rosen H, Nadkarm V, Theroux M: Intrapleural streptokinase as
during a ten year period: analysis of 72 cases and comparison to adjunctive treatment for persistent empyema in pediatric patients.
previous study. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141:1771–1776. Chest 1993; 103:1190–1193.
5. Barlett JG, Gorback SL, Thadepalli H, Finegold SM. Bacteriology 20. Kern JA. Rodgers BM. Thoracoscopy in the management of
of empyema. Lancet 1974; 1:338–340. empyema in children. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28:1128–1132.
6. Campbell PW III. New developments in pediatric pneumonia and 21. Stovroff M, Teague G, Heiss KF, et al. Thoracoscopy in the
empyema. Curr Opin Pediatr 1995; 7:278–282, management of pediatric empyema. J Pediatr Surg 1995;
30:1211–1215.
7. Schropp IQ: Empyema and intrathoracic infection in children.
Pedtat Thorac Surg 1993; 3:443-460. 22. Miller JI. Empyema thoracis. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; 50:343–344.
8. Kern JA, Rodgers BM. Thoracoscopy in the management of 23. Mclaughlin JS, Krasna MJ. Parapneumonic empyema. In: Shields
empyema in children. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28:1128–1132. TW (ed), General Thoracic Surgery, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000; pp 699–708.
9. Silen ML, Weber TR. Thoracoscopic debridement of loculated
empyema thoracis in children. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:1166– 24. Lee KS, Im JG, Kim YH. Treatment of thoracic multiloculated
1168. empyema with intracavitary urukinase: a prospective study.
10. Stovroff M, Teague G, Heiss KF, et al. Thoracoscopy in the Radiology 1991; 178:771–775.
management of pediatric empyema. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 25. Waller DA, Rengarajan A. Thoracoscopic decortication: a role for
30:1211–1215. video-assisted surgery in chronic postpneumonic pleuralempyema.
Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:1813–1816.
11. Mangete EDO, Kombo BB, Legg-Jack TE. Thoracic empyema: a
study of 56 patients. Arch Dis Child 1993; 69:587–588. 26. Lawrence DR, Ohri SK, Moxon RE, Townsend ER, Fountain SW.
12. Robinson LA, Moulton AL, Fleming WH, et al. Intrapleural Thoracoscopic debridement of empyema thoracis. Ann Thorac
fibrinolytic treatment of multiloculated thoracic empyemas. Ann Surg 1997; 64:1448–1450.
Thorac Surg 1994; 57:802–814. 27. Mwandumba HC, Beeching NJ. Pyogenic lung infections: factors
for predicting clinical outcome of lung abscess and thoracic
13. Gustafson RA, Murray GF, Warden HE. Role of lung decortications
in symptomatic empyemas in children. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; empyma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000; 6:234–239.
49:940–947. 28. Lindstrom ST, Kolbe J. Community acquired parapneumonic
14. Van Way C III, Narrod J, Hopeman A. The role of early limited thoracic empyema: predictors of outcome. Respirology 1999;
thoracotomy in the treatment of empyema. J Thorac Cardiovasc 4:173–179.
Surg 1988; 96:436–439. 29. Hailu S. Paediatric thoracic empyema in an Ethiopian referral
hospital. E African Med J 2000; 77(11):618–621.
15. Vardhan MV, Tewari SC, Prasad BNBM, and Nikumb SK.
Empyema thoracis—study of present day clinical and etiological 30. Tagbo O, Uchenna O, Anthony H. Childhood parapneumonic
profile and management techniques. Ind J Tub 1998; 45:155. pleural effusion in Enugu. Nigerian Postgrad Med J 2005;
12(1):28–32.
Suggested Reading
Baranwal AK, Singh M, Marwaha RK, Kumar L. Empyemathoracis: Schultz KD, Fan LL, Pinsky J, Ochoa L, Smith EO, Kaplan SL, et al. The
a 10-year comparative review of hospitalised children from South changing face of pleural empyemas in children: epidemiology and
Asia. Arch Dis Childhood 2003; 88(11):1009–1014. management. Pediatrics 2004; 113(6):1735–1740.
Eastham KM, Freeman R, Kearns AM, Eltringham G, Clark J,
Leeming J, et al. Clinical features, aetiology and outcome of
empyema in children in the northeast of England. Thorax 2004;
59(6):522–525.