Page 3 - Introduction to Agriculture by: Aqleem Abbas

Introduction to Agriculture Notes prepared by: Aqleem Abbas

Low yielding varieties.
Poor agronomic practices
Farmers are illiterate
Application of water, harvesting of crops, attacks of insects, diseases, weeds
Non availability of seed.
Non availability of chemicals
Un availability of inputs
Low income
Water logging, salinity
Small land holdings
Lack of agro based industry.
Lack of storage, transport facilities and next one is weak govt policy.
Natural disaster, drought and
In case of KPK rains has not occurred in time

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING YIELD
1. Use of high yielding variety
2. Proper tillage practices
3. Prepare seed bed properly
4. Balance fertilizers
5. Proper irrigation
6. Control of pest and diseases, weeds.
7. Proper time sowing
8. Time of harvesting.
9. Proper seed rate
10. Crop rotation-growing of crops one after the other in regular sequence in order to keep in view that fertility of
soil may not disturb.
11. Multiple cropping system

Our lands are so small because of small holdings and because of population we in Pakistan grow more crops in one year.
America grow only one crop in a year called mono cropping

MODERN AGRICULTURE

Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences. Irrigation,
drainage, conservation, and sanitary engineering—each of which is important in successful farming—are some of the fields
requiring the specialized knowledge of agricultural engineers. Agricultural chemistry deals with other vital farming concerns,
such as the application of fertilizer, insecticides (see Pest Control), and fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural
products, and nutritional needs of farm animals. Plant breeding and genetics contribute immeasurably to farm
productivity. Genetics has also made a science of livestock breeding. Hydroponics, a method of soilless gardening in which
plants are grown in chemical nutrient solutions, may help meet the need for greater food production as the world’s
population increases. The packing, processing, and marketing of agricultural products are closely related activities also
influenced by science. Methods of quick-freezing and dehydration have increased the markets for farm products.