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The Respiratory System

smaller tubes as they run throughout the lungs

Cellular Respiration: takes place at the mitochondria of the cells where the oxygen is actually
consumed and carbon dioxide produced

Chronic Bronchitis: an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by inflammation of the
bronchi of the lungs

COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF): disease that causes the formation of a thick mucus substance that affects the
lungs, intestines, pancreas and liver. It can be test for with a sweat test.

Emphysema: a chronic lung disease, often caused by exposure to toxic chemicals or long-term
exposure to tobacco smoke

External Respiration: the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood within
the pulmonary capillaries

Hyperventilation: excessive rate and depth of breathing causing the blood pH to increase

Laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice
because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords).

Lung Cancer: cancer of the tissue of the lung, often caused by smoking

Nasal Cavities: hollow spaces within the bones of the skull that warm, moisten, and filter the air

Otitis Media: infection of the middle ear, it is often a complication seen in children who have a
nasal infection

Pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection in the lungs where the bronchi and the alveoli fill with a
thick fluid

Pulmonary Alveoli: microscopic membranous air sacs within the lungs, they are units of
respiration and the site of gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems

Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary embolism is blockage of the pulmonary artery (or one of its
branches) by a blood clot, fat, air or clumped tumor cells.

Pulmonary Fibrosis: a condition where fibrous tissue builds up in the lungs

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB): infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium
tuberculosis

Respiratory Illnesses: the result of bacterial or viral infection of the lungs

Sinusitis: an infection of the cranial sinuses "sinus infection", develops when nasal congestion
blocks off the tiny openings that lead to the sinuses

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