Page 148 - LECTURE NOTES
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o The species and strains of leishmania parasites.
a) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Known under a variety of common names, (e.g.oriental sore in old world), uta or
chiclero ulcer in new world.
It is caused by leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania aethiopica in
Ethiopia.
It is characterized by typical ulcer that starts as a nodule at the site of bite, and then a
crust develops in the middle followed by ulcer.
b) Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
It is usually caused by leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia. It causes widespread
cutaneous nodules or macules on the body
6.7.1. Prevention and control of leishmaniasis
1. Case treatment
Simple cutaneous leishmaniasis usually heals without treatment and renders the
person immune to other infections with the same parasite species.
2. Personal protection
Individuals can prevent infection by avoiding being bitten by sandflies. It is
recommended that personal protection measures be taken, such as repellents, fine
mesh screens, insecticide treated clothing and/ or insecticide-treated bednets are used.
3. Application of insecticides
- Spraying the interior surfaces of houses with residual insecticides, such as DDT,
Malathion, propoxur, etc.
- If outdoor resting sites are known they can be sprayed with residual insecticides.
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