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•
                                                                  •
                      •
                                                    •
   Unix
                                        –
                                             –
                                  –
                             –
               ⇒
   Case
                                                                                                               Unix
                                                    Four
                                             pid
                             pid
                      fork()
                                        reply
                                                                  Process
   Study—
                                             =
                             =
                                        =
                                                    basic
               vfork()
                                                           Hierarchical
                      nearly
                                             fork
                             wait
   Processes
                                                                                                               Process
                                  exit(status)
                                             ()
                                                                                                      parent
                                                                                                    process
               and/or
                                                                  represented
                                                           scheme:
                      always
                                                    primitives:
                             (status)
                                                                  by
                                                                                         child
                                                                                                  fork
                                                                  a
                                                                                       process
               COW.
                                                                                                               Dynamics
                                                           parents
                                        execve(pathname,
                      followed
                                                                                execve
                      by
                                                                  process
                                        argv,
                                                                  id
                                                           create
                      exec()
                                                                  (pid)
                                        envp)
                                                           children.
                                                                                   program executes
                                                                                                    parent process  (potentially) continues
                                                                                exit




                                                                                                  wait
                                                                                        zombie
                                                                                      process



















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