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   Unix
                                         4.
                                    5.
                                              3.
                                                                           –
                                                         1.
                                                    2.
                                                               To
   Case
                                                                                  Use
                                    If
                                                                                                Each
                                                                                                               Aside:
                                                                           i.e.
                                                         Get
                                                    Get
                                                                           a
                                    ok,
                             Publicly
   Study—
                                         Check
                                                               login:
               Solution:
                      Problem:
                                              Encrypt
                                                                                                entry
                                                         user
                                                                       compute
   Files
                                                                                  one-way
   and
                                                                                                       /etc/passwd
                                                    password
   the
                                                                           function
                                         against
                                                         name
                             readable
                      off-line
               shadow
                                                                                                               Password
                                                                       inverse
                                                                                                roughly
                                    instantiate
                                                                                                       holds
                                              password
                                                                                  function
                                                                                                of
   Filesystem
                             since
                                                                           which
                                                                                                       list
                                                                       (e.g.
                                         version
                                                                                  to
                                                                                                               File
                                    login
                                                                           is
                      attack.
                                                                                                the
                                                                                                       of
                                         in
                             lots
               passwords
                             of
                                                                           easy
                                    shell.
                                                                       person
                                                                                                form:
                                                                                  encrypt
                                                                           to
                                                                       to
                                                                                                       password
                             useful
                             info
                                                                           compute
                                                                                         user-name:encrypted-passwd:home-directory:shell
                                                                                  passwords.
                                         /etc/password
                                                                                                       entries.
                                                                           in
               (/etc/shadow)
                             there.
                                                                           one
                                                                       phone-number
                                                                       lookup).
                                                                           direction,
                                                                           but
                                                                           has
                                                                           a
                                                                           hard
                                                                           to
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