Page 195 - 15Diarrhoeaandvomiting

Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in children under 5 years

kaolin, 109, 110 malabsorption, xvi
evidence overview, 110 malnutrition, 3
evidence summary, 110 masking (blinding), ix
GDG interpretation of evidence, 116 matching, xvi
ketones, urinary, accuracy of dehydration diagnosis, 50 mean (arithmetic mean), xvi
kwashiorkor, xv mean difference, xvi
meningitis, 26
meta-analysis, xvi
laboratory investigations, 27 methodological quality, xvi
bacterial vs viral infections methodology, xvi
ESR and CRP for diagnosis, 35 metoclopramide, 104
IL-6, IL-8 or CRP to diagnose, 35 placebo vs, 108
leucocyte counts, 36 micronutrients, 117
quick-read CRP to diagnose, 35 GDG interpretation of evidence, 124
blood tests, 35, see also blood tests milk formulae
dehydration assessment. see dehydration during rehydration, GDG interpretation, 78
evidence summary, 32 lactose-containing, soy formula vs, 86
frequency of pathogens by year/age, 31 see also cow’s milk; feeding after rehydration
indications, 32 Monte Carlo simulations, ORT vs IVT costs, 151
recommendations, 11, 34 mortality, gastroenteritis, 1
key recommendations, 9 developed countries, 1
most common pathogens, 30, see also traveller’s prevention strategies, 1
diarrhoea mucoprotective agent, xvi
children with traveller’s diarrhoea, 32 mucous membranes, dry, dehydration detection, 42
need for clinical information for, 34 multicentre study, xvi
non-stool, 34 nasogastric tube, ORS administration, 65
recommendations, 11, 37
stool microbiological investigation, 27 National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), xvi
see also stool microbiological investigation isotonic solution recommendation, 71
lactase deficiency, transient mucosal, 76, 89 IV infusions in hypernatraemic dehydration, 72
lactic acidosis, 52 IVT administration rate, 73
Lactobacillus, probiotics safety alert on IV infusions, 71
evidence overview, 127 natural history of gastroenteritis, 23
see also probiotics clinical features by pathogen, 24
Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, 130 evidence overview, 24
see also probiotics evidence summary, 25
Lactobacillus paracasei strain ST11, 130 GDG translation from evidence to
see also probiotics recommendation, 25
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, 126, 129 persistent diarrhoea, risk factors. see diarrhoea
see also probiotics NCC-WCH, staff listing, v
Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains 573L/1, 573L/2, negative likelihood ratio, xvi
573L/3, 131 negative predictive value, xvi
lactose intolerance, transient, 89 neutrophil counts, bacterial vs non-bacterial
lactose malabsorption, 82 gastroenteritis, 36
lactose-free cow’s milk, cow’s milk vs, feeding after NHS Direct, xvi, 134
rehydration, 86 consultations on gastroenteritis, 2
leucocyte counts, bacterial vs non-bacterial NHS trust, xxii
gastroenteritis, 36 NICE Technical Manual, 5, 7
leucocytosis, xv nitazoxanide, Cryptosporidium parvum infections, 95,
levels of evidence. see evidence level 102
likelihood ratio non-enteric infections, 26
negative, xvi non-experimental study. see observational study
positive, xviii norovirus, 28, 29
Likert scale, xv frequency by year and age, 31
literature review, xv notification of illness, 34
cost-effectiveness of ORT vs IVT, 140 number needed to treat (NNT), definition, xvi
literature search strategy, 5 nutritional management, 76
longitudinal study, xv key recommendations, 10
loperamide, 109, 115 see also feeding after rehydration; feeding during
evidence overview, 115 rehydration
evidence summary, 116
GDG interpretation of evidence, 117 objective measure, xvi
low birthweight, dehydration risk factor, 39 observational study, xvii
odds, xvii

170