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Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in children under 5 years
Bacillus, community and GP practice incidence, 30 frequency as traveller’s diarrhoea cause, 33
bacterial gastroenteritis frequency by year and age, 31
clinical features, 24 Campylobacter jejuni, 92
frequency, stool examination, 28 frequency, stool examination, 28
leucocyte counts, 36 capillary refill time (CRT), ix
see also individual bacterial genera dehydration detection, 41, 42, 44
best available evidence, ix measured by digital device, 42, 44
bias, ix care at home, 137
bicarbonate levels, 49, 51, 52 after rehydration, recommendations, 16, 138
accuracy of dehydration diagnosis, 50, 52 dehydration, recommendations, 16, 138
loss in diarrhoea, 52 general advice, 16, 138
ORS, 64 recommendations, 16, 137
biochemical abnormalities, in gastroenteritis, 48 care escalation, 134
blood glucose relationship with electrolytes, 49, 52 factors to consider, 134
evidence overview, 48 key symptoms/signs indicating need, 134
evidence summary, 52 community face-to-face assessment, 15, 136
GDG interpretation of evidences, 52 evidence overview, 134
incidence, 48, 50 GDG interpretation of evidence, 135
testing recommendations, 53 remote assessment signs, 15, 135, 136
see also individual abnormalities (e.g. safety netting, 135
hyponatraemia) recommendations, 15, 136
bismuth subsalicylate, 109, 113 carers, information/advice for. see information/advice
evidence overview, 113 for parents/carers
evidence summary, 115 case report, x
GDG interpretation of evidence, 116 case series, x
blinding (masking), ix case study, x
blood culture, 11, 36, 37 case-control study, x
blood glucose. see glucose, blood causative agents. see aetiological agents
blood tests, 35, 48 cefixime, Salmonella gastroenteritis, 91
baseline measurements before IVT, 72 Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group, 1
costs, 146 chloride, ORS, 64
evidence overview, 35 cholera, 61, 63, 77
evidence summary, 36 clay minerals, 109
GDG interpretation of evidences, 36 see also kaolin; smectite
recommendations, 11, 37 clinical audit, x
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, 50 clinical diagnosis of gastroenteritis, 21
accuracy of dehydration diagnosis, 50 of causes of gastroenteritis
bolus fluids, ix clinical features by pathogen, 24
bottle-fed infants diagnostic indicators, 11, 27
dehydration risk increased, 39 differential features/causes, 11, 26, 27
stools, 21 non-enteric infections, 26
breastfeeding/breast-fed infants, 76 non-infective gastrointestinal disorders, 11, 26, 27
dehydration risk reduced, 39 surgical disorders, 26
during acute diarrhoea, effects on outcome, 76 see also under aetiological agents; diarrhoea
during gastroenteritis, 55 definitions of diarrhoea/vomiting. see diarrhoea;
during rehydration, 76 vomiting
evidence summary, 77 duration of diarrhoea/vomiting, 22
GDG interpretation, 77 see also diarrhoea
ORS with, 77 GDG interpretation of evidences, 26
stools, 21 natural history. see natural history of gastroenteritis
withdrawal during diarrhoea, 77 questions to ask, 27
dehydration associated, 38, 54, 77 recommendations, 11, 22, 27
see also diarrhoea; vomiting
calicivirus infection, 28 clinical effectiveness, x
community and GP practice incidence, 30 clinical effectiveness evidence, synthesis of, 6
frequency by year and age, 31 clinical importance, x
Campylobacter gastroenteritis clinical question, x
antibiotic therapy, 92 clinical trial, x
erythromycin vs placebo, 92 clinician, definition, x
evidence overview, 92 Clostridium difficile, 34, 102
evidence summary, 93 community and GP practice incidence, 30
GDG interpretation, 102 frequency, stool examination, 28
community and GP practice incidence, 30 Clostridium perfringens, community and GP practice
duration of diarrhoea, 25 incidence, 30
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