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NEUROSCIENCE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AND DEPENDENCE

Fig. 2.5 The relation between different functional brain regions
Information received from primary sensory cortices is integrated in sensory
association areas, which are involved in perception and memories.

Primary motor Execution of
cortex movement

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe
Plane for Perception of space
movement location of limits
Occipital lobe
Auditory information
and memories
Temporal lobe Visual perception

Source: Reproduced from Carlson, 1988, with permission from the publishers.

Fig. 2.6 Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are shown, comprised of a number of structures involved
in the performance of voluntary motor responses.

Two lobes of thalamus
Right globus pallidus Left globus pallidus

Head of caudate

Left putamen
Tail of caudate
Left amygdala

Source: Reproduced from Pinel, 1990, with permission from the publishers.

accumbens is a very important brain area involved in motivation and
learning, and signalling the motivational value of stimuli (Robbins & Everitt,
1996; Cardinal et al., 2002). Psychoactive substances increase the production
of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which is thought to be an important
event in drug reinforcement. This will be discussed further in Chapters 3
and 4.

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