Page 49 - 86 human physiology part-2

Chapter 14

(ACTH)

Gonadotropic (FSH, Glycoprotein Gonads Egg and sperm production,
LH) sex hormone production
Mammary
Prolactin (PRL) Protein Milk production
glands
Soft tissue, Cell division, protein
Growth (GH) Protein
bones synthesis and bone growth
Increase metabolic rate,
Thyroxine (T4) and Iodinated
Thyroid All tissue regulates growth and
Triiodothyronie (T3) amino acid
development
Bones, kidneys Lowers blood calcium
Calcitonin Peptide
and intestine level
Bones, kidneys
Parathyroids Parathyroid (PTH) Peptide Raises blood calcium level
and intestine
Raise blood gluclose level,
Glucocorticoids
Adrenal Cortex Steroid All tissue stimulates breakdown of
(cortisol)
protein
Mineralocoticoids Steroid Kidneys Reabsorb sodium and
(aldosterone) excrete potassium
Gonads, skin, Stimulates reproductive
Sex Hormones Steroid muscles and organs and brings on sex
bones characteristics
Released in emergency
Adrenal Epinephrine and Modified Cardiac and situations, raises blood
Medulla norepinephrine amino acid other muscles glucose level, “fight or
flight” response
Lowers blood glucose
Liver, muscles,
Pancreas Insulin Protein levels, promotes formation
adipose tissue
of glycogen
Liver, muscles,
Glucagon Protein Raises blood glucose levels
adipose tissue
Gonads, skin,
Androgens Stimulates male sex
Testes Steroid muscles and
(testosterone) characteristics
bone
Gonads, skin,
Estrogen and Stimulates female sex
Ovaries Steroid muscles and
progesterone characteristics
bones
Stimulates production and
Thymus Thymosins Peptide T lymphocytes maturation of T
lymphocytes
Controls circadian and
circannual rhythms,
Modified
Pineal Gland Melatonin Brain possibly involved in
amino acid
maturation of sexual
organs
Hormones can be chemically classified into four groups:

264 | Human Physiology