Page 26 - 86 human physiology part-2
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The Gastrointestinal System
secrete specific enzymes for disaccharide hydrolysis, these further aid the absorption of the
carbohydrate by yielding a monosaccharide that then can go through portal circulation to liver
circulation to be further processed into immediate use for energy or glycogen storage.
Peristalsis
The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the
contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation.
Proliferation
The process of reproduction or division of cells
Proteases
Protein enzyme
Rennin
Only produced during infancy and is a gastric protease and functions with calcium to clot with
milk proteins casein, to slow the movement of milk so that digestion is prolonged.
Serotonin
chemical messenger in the brain that affects emotions, behavior, and thought
Synthesize
To create something, such as chemicals in the body, from simpler, raw materials
Ulcerative Colitis
Villi
A minute projection arising from a mucous membrane, especially one of the vascular projections
of the small intestine.
Vitamin K
A substance that promotes the clotting of blood
Case Study Answer Bob has diverticulitis. The doctor was afraid that if he had another bad
infection that scar tissue would eventually block his colon completely and burst, which would
necessitate a colostomy. Bob ended up having to have surgery to remove the damaged part of his colon.
The doctor removed almost 18 inches of Bob's large intestine. Bob is doing fine now and most
importantly, he can now eat his favorite food - nuts! Note: Sometimes a diet rich in fiber can help you
avoid this dread problem. Sometimes, like in Bob's case, the predisposition to have this problem runs in
the family. All of his siblings and his father suffered from this same ailment. Stress is another factor
that can exacerbate this disease. So.. don't worry, be happy and eat fiber!
Review Questions
1. This is released in the duodenum in response to acidic chyme
A) Cholecystokinin
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