Page 208 - 86 human physiology part-2

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions

respiratory infections, delayed growth, excessive fatigue
3: Insulin growth in hormones, used in vaccines to help prevent hepatitis, treatment to help prevent
viral infections, and helps treat hemophilia
4: X-rays, radiation from the sun, toxins in the air
5: Parkinson's, cystic fibrosis, some cancers, and sickle cell
6: Yes- the parents can be carriers with out having the birth defect themselves
7: Behavior genetics studies the effects of human disorders as well as their causes.
8: a genotype is the actual set of genes that an organism has. A phenotype is the genes physical
appearance.
9: Classical- the techniques and methodologies of genetic. Behavioral- studies the influence of
varying genetics on animal behavior. Clinical- physicians who are trained as geneticists diagnose,
treat, and counsel patients with genetic disorders and syndromes. Molecular- builds up on the
foundation of classical genetics but focuses on the structure and function of genes at a molecular
level.
10: Regulator genes initiates or blocks the expression of other genes and modifying genes alter
how other genes are expressed in the phenotype.

Development: birth through death

1. Why are women more prone to osteoporosis than men?
• Differences in average adult bone mass between men and women, menopause
(decline in estrogen)
2. Why is an injury to the epiphyseal plate of a long bone during puberty more significant
than a regular fracture?
• A fracture to the epiphyseal plate during puberty can cause the plate to seal resulting
in a stoppage of bone growth.
3. What is the average age of menarche (the first menstrual bleeding) in American girls? What
factors contribute to onset of menarche?
• About 12.7 years

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