Page 32 - 84 human physiolofy part-1

Chapter 2

a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Active transport
d. Facilitated diffusion

11. Protein synthesis occurs at the

a. Mitochondria
b. Lysosomes
c. Within the nucleus
d. Ribosomes

12. Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane?

a. Cholesterol
b. Phospholipids
c. Proteins
d. Galactose
e. Nucleic acids

Glossary

Active Transport: the movement of solutes against a gradient and requires the expenditure of
energy

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): a cell’s source of energy

Bulk Flow: the collective movement of substances in the same direction in response to a force

Cells: the microscopic fundamental unit that makes up all living things

Cell Membrane: boundary of the cell, sometimes called the plasma membrane

Cytoplasm: a water-like substance that fills cells. The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and the
cellular organelles, except the cell nucleus. The cytosol is made up of water, salts, organic molecules
and many enzymes that catalyze reactions. The cytoplasm holds all of the cellular organelles outside of
the nucleus, maintains the shape and consistency of the cell, and serves as a storage place for chemical
substances.

Cytoskeleton: made of threadlike proteins, helps cells maintain their shape and allows cells and
their contents to move

Dialysis: the diffusion of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane. Most commonly heard
of when a patient has had renal failure. In medicine, dialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy
which is used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function due to renal failure. It is a life
support treatment and does not treat any kidney diseases.

Endocrine cells: similar to exocrine cells, but secrete their products directly into the bloodstream

32 | Human Physiology