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MRSA infections presented most commonly as a furuncle or carbuncle followed by cellulitis and
folliculitis located on the lower extremities, buttocks and scrotum more often than the upper
extremities and face. Risk factors included perianal MRSA colonization, anal intercourse, prior
MRSA infection, and illicit drug use.[722]
An inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a clinical mass composed of a histologic
proliferation of spindle cells in a background of inflammatory cells and collagen fibers.
Cryptococcal IPTs have been reported in conjunction with HIV infection. The lesions show a
storiform arrangement of plump spindle cells, in addition to spindle and polygonal cells arranged
in a haphazard manner. Background lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fibrosis are present along
with scattered giant cells and focal necrosis. Cryptococcus neoformans yeasts can be identified
within and between vacuolated spindle and polygonal cells of the lesions on routine and special
stains. Although a variety of microorganisms have been linked to IPTs, mycobacterial IPTs are
reported most commonly.[1033]
Since the advent of ART, rheumatologic complications of HIV infection have included
an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Manifestations may resemble sarcoidosis,
systemic lupus erythematosis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and reactive arthritis. Such complications
may arise de novo or represent exacerbation of prior disease. Autoimmune disease resembling
systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis may also appear with ART.[1021,1034]