Page 106 - Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments in Psychiatry

106 | Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments in Psychiatry

Drugs—licit and illicit—can cause anxiety symptoms
− Caffeine—intoxication or withdrawal
− Nicotine—withdrawal even more than acute intoxication
− Stimulants—cocaine, amphetamines, etc.
− Alcohol or alcohol withdrawal

Conditions Causing Depression
The following medical problems can cause depression (Diamond
2002):
Postviral depressive syndromes, especially:
− Influenza
− Infectious mononucleosis
− Viral hepatitis
− Viral pneumonia
− Viral encephalitis
Cancer of:
− Pancreas (commonly presents as depression)
− Lung Cancer, especially oat cell carcinoma
− Brain tumors, either primary tumors or metastastic, may
present with depression

Cardiopulmonary disease with hypoxia
Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea
Endocrine disease
− Hypothyroidism
− Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis
− Adrenal hypofunction (Addison’s Disease)
− Adrenal hyperfunction (Cushing’s Disease)
− Hyperparathyroidism: usually from small tumors of the
parathyroid glands
− Post-partum, post-menopausal, and premenstrual
syndromes