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Chapter 4
inhibitory synapses than excitatory, the synapses will be inhibited. To determine all of this is called
summation.
Classification by discharge patterns:
Neurons can be classified according to their electrophysiological characteristics (note that a single
action potential is not enough to move a large muscle, and instead will cause a twitch).
Tonic or regular spiking: Some neurons are typically constantly (or tonically) active. Example:
interneurons in neurostriatum.
Phasic or bursting: Neurons that fire in bursts are called phasic.
Fast spiking: Some neurons are notable for their fast firing rates. For example, some types of
cortical inhibitory interneurons, cells in globus pallidus.
Thin-spike: Action potentials of some neurons are more narrow compared to the others. For
example, interneurons in prefrontal cortex are thin-spike neurons.
Classification by neurotransmitter released:
Some examples are cholinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons.
Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is the control center for the body. It regulates organ function, higher
thought, and movement of the body. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
58 | Human Physiology
